模拟航天失重大鼠自发活动的改变

目的 通过观察模拟航天失重尾吊21 d大鼠自主活动的改变,为航天失重引起功能改变提供评价方法以及为航天防护措施研究提供参考.方法 30只Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组、假尾吊组、尾吊组,每组10只.将所有动物置于模拟失重尾部悬吊实时监测装置中进行造模21 d,造模期间每周检测动物摄食饮水量和体重变化,同时,每天8:00pm提取当天被监控动物(8:00am～12:00am)、(2:00pm～6:00pm)、白天(8:00am～8:00pm)、晚上(8:00pm～8:00am)、24 h等5个时段自主活动数据. 结果 正常大鼠上、下午运动量无显著差异,晚上活动量显著高于白天活动量,运动时间和运动路程是白天的2~3倍;尾吊组大鼠在造模10 d后昼夜节律开始紊乱,昼夜运动量越来越接近,假尾吊组大鼠造模10 d内运动状态不稳定,个体差异较大,10 d后趋于稳定,昼夜运动量比值接近对照组大鼠.结论 正常大鼠为夜行性动物,晚上活动量为白天活动量的2～3倍,假尾吊组大鼠经21 d造模后昼夜节律不改变,而尾吊21 d后大鼠昼夜节律逐渐消失.     

HPLC fingerprint analysis combined with chemometrics for pattern recognition of ginger

Context: Ginger, the fresh rhizome of Zingiber officinale Rosc. (Zingiberaceae), has been used worldwide; however, for a long time, there has been no standard approbated internationally for its quality control.

Objective: To establish an efficacious and combinational method and pattern recognition technique for quality control of ginger.

Methods: A simple, accurate and reliable method based on high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array (HPLC-PDA) detection was developed for establishing the chemical fingerprints of 10 batches of ginger from different markets in China. The method was validated in terms of precision, reproducibility and stability; and the relative standard deviations were all less than 1.57%. On the basis of this method, the fingerprints of 10 batches of ginger samples were obtained, which showed 16 common peaks. Coupled with similarity evaluation software, the similarities between each fingerprint of the sample and the simulative mean chromatogram were in the range of 0.998–1.000. Then, the chemometric techniques, including similarity analysis, hierarchical clustering analysis and principal component analysis were applied to classify the ginger samples.

Results and conclusion: Consistent results were obtained to show that ginger samples could be successfully classified into two groups. This study revealed that HPLC-PDA method was simple, sensitive and reliable for fingerprint analysis, and moreover, for pattern recognition and quality control of ginger.     

Aconitine-induced Ca overload causes arrhythmia and triggers apoptosis through p38 MAPK signaling pathway in rats

Aconitine is a major bioactive diterpenoid alkaloid with high content derived from herbal aconitum plants. Emerging evidence indicates that voltage-dependent Na⁺ channels have pivotal roles in the cardiotoxicity of aconitine. However, no reports are available on the role of Ca^2 + in aconitine poisoning. In this study, we explored the importance of pathological Ca^2 + signaling in aconitine poisoning in vitro and in vivo. We found that Ca^2 + overload lead to accelerated beating rhythm in adult rat ventricular myocytes and caused arrhythmia in conscious freely moving rats. To investigate effects of aconitine on myocardial injury, we performed cytotoxicity assay in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs), as well as measured lactate dehydrogenase level in the culture medium of NRVMs and activities of serum cardiac enzymes in rats. The results showed that aconitine resulted in myocardial injury and reduced NRVMs viability dose-dependently. To confirm the pro-apoptotic effects, we performed flow cytometric detection, cardiac histology, transmission electron microscopy and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling assay. The results showed that aconitine stimulated apoptosis time-dependently. The expression analysis of Ca^2 + handling proteins demonstrated that aconitine promoted Ca^2 + overload through the expression regulation of Ca^2 + handling proteins. The expression analysis of apoptosis-related proteins revealed that pro-apoptotic protein expression was upregulated, and anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2 expression was downregulated. Furthermore, increased phosphorylation of MAPK family members, especially the P-P38/P38 ratio was found in cardiac tissues. Hence, our results suggest that aconitine significantly aggravates Ca^2 + overload and causes arrhythmia and finally promotes apoptotic development via phosphorylation of P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase.     

维吾尔药指甲花和凤仙花的定性鉴别研究

目的建立维吾尔药指甲花和凤仙花药材的鉴别方法。方法采用薄层色谱(TLC)法及高效液相色谱(HPLC)指纹图谱法,观察其主要特征化合物的差别。结果所建立的TLC法可初步鉴别指甲花和凤仙花;HPLC法测定结果表明,指甲花和凤仙花的化学成分存在一定的相似性,但又各有其特异性。结论 TLC法快速,HPLC法准确,为维吾尔药指甲花的质量控制提供了鉴别依据。     

圆滑番荔枝种子氯仿部位的化学成分研究

目的对圆滑番荔枝种子氯仿部分的化学成分进行研究。方法运用正反相硅胶、Sephadex LH-20凝胶及制备高效液相等色谱技术进行分离纯化,并根据理化性质和波谱数据鉴定化合物的结构。结果分离得到13个化合物,分别鉴定为去乙酰紫玉盘素(1)、去乙酰异紫玉盘素(2)、泡泡树新素(3)、泡番荔枝辛(4)、毛曲番荔枝素(5)、4-desoxycherimolin-2(6)、atemotetrolin(7)、毛叶番荔枝素-2(8)、刺果番荔枝素B(9)、glabrin A(10)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(11)、番荔枝五醇C(12)、蔗糖(13)。结论其中化合物7和12为首次从该植物中分离得到,化合物11和13为首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

非洲别样茶的研究进展

非洲有许多传统草药,长久以来被当地人用来治疗疾病,其中有些草药可当作茶饮,对身体健康起了重要作用。研究表明这部分茶具有抗肿瘤、降血压、抗氧化、降血糖等多种作用,并且越来越受到国际市场的关注。综述了非洲主要别样茶的来源、分布、民间用途、主要化学成分、药理作用、目前开发状况及其在中国的应用现状,为进一步研究开发提供参考。     

非靶向代谢组学生物样品采集和制备方法探讨

生物样品采集和制备是代谢组学研究的第一步也是最关键的一步,合适的样品采集和制备方法是获得可靠结果的重要保证。样品采集和制备方法与分析通量、分析成本和基质效应等密切相关。样品采集与制备方法如不进行充分验证,实验数据常出现较大偏差,但在实际工作中样品采集和制备过程常被忽视。本文对非靶向代谢组学生物样品常用采集和制备方法作一综述,指明了实际操作中的注意事项,有助于我们根据实验目的和样品性质选择合适的方法。本文重点关注基于高效液相色谱-质谱(HPLC-MS)和气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)的代谢组学研究中常用样品采集和制备方法。     

A pharmacodynamic model of portal hypertension in isolated perfused rat liver

AIM: To develop a pharmacodynamic model of portal hypertension from chronic hepatitis.METHODS: Pathological changes and collagen depositions were analyzed using morphometry to confirm CCl₄-induced chronic hepatitis. At d₀, d₂₈, d₅₆ and d₈₄ of the process, the portal perfused velocities (μL/min) in isolated rat livers were exactly controlled with a quantified pump. The pressure (mmHg) was monitored with a Physiological System. The geometric concentrations of phenylephrine or acetylcholine were added to a fixed volume (300 mL) of the circulating perfusate. The equation, the median effective concentration and its 95% confidence intervals of phenylephrine or acetylcholine were regressed with Prism-4 software in non-linear fit and various slopes. In the isolated perfused rat livers with chronic hepatitis, both median effective concentrations were defined as the pharmacodynamic model of portal hypertension.RESULTS: At d₀, d₂₈, d₅₆ and d₈₄, the equations of portal pressure potency from the concentrations of phenylephrine used to constrict the portal vein in isolated perfused rat livers were Y = 0.1732 + 0.3970/[1 + 10^{(-4.3061-0.4407 X)}], Y = -0.004934 + 0.12113/[1 + 10^{(-3.1247-0.3262 X)}], Y = 0.0104 + 0.2643/[1 + 10^{(-8.8462-0.9579 X)}], and Y = 0.01603 + 0.12107/[1 + 10^{(-5.1134-0.563 X)}]; the median effective concentrations were 1.69 × 10^-10 mol/L, 2.64 × 10^-10 mol/L, 5.82 × 10^-10 mol/L, and 8.24 × 10^-10 mol/L, respectively. The equations from the concentrations of acetylcholine used to relax the portal vein were Y = -0.4548 + 0.3274/[1 + 10^{(6.1538 + 0.5554 X)}], Y = -0.05391 + 0.06424/[1 + 10^{(3.8541 + 0.3469 X)}], Y = -0.2733 + 0.22978/[1 + 10^{(3.0472 + 0.3008 X)}], and Y = -0.0559 + 0.053178/[1 + 10^{(5.6336 + 0.5883 X)}]; the median effective concentrations were 8.40 × 10^-10 mol/L, 7.73 × 10^-12 mol/L, 5.98 × 10^-11 mol/L, and 2.66 × 10^-10 mol/L, respectively.CONCLUSION: A pharmacodynamic model of portal hypertension in isolated perfused rat livers with chronic hepatitis was defined as the median effective concentrations of phenylephrine and acetylcholine.     

A new bis-γ-pyrone polypropionate from a marine pulmonate mollusc Onchidium struma

A new bis-γ-pyrone polypropionate compound onchidione II (1), together with three known compounds, was isolated from a marine pulmonate mollusc Onchidium struma, collected at Hainan Island of China. The structure of new compound was determined by extensive spectroscopic analyses including IR, 1D and 2D NMR techniques, and chemical methods. Compounds 1–4 were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against human tumor cell lines HepG-2, A549, and MCF-2. The results showed that compounds 1 and 2 were moderate cytotoxic against HepG-2, A549, and MCF-2 cell lines, with IC₅₀ values from 13.2 to 22.4 μM.